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פנקייק שמתחיל ככה - ובואו לראות איך הוא נגמר
============================================
מתכון מגניב לפנקייק שנראה ממש כמו ספגטי, אבל אוורירי ומתוק - וגם הצצה לסודות הפנקייק האוורירי והתפוח
ד"ר דפנה מנדלר
מכון דוידסון לחינוך מדעי
פורסם: 28.01.24, 07:07
פנקייק ספגטי של מכון דוידסון | צילום: צילום מסך מהיוטיוב של מכון דוידסון
הקישור הועתק
בניסוי הזה נכין פנקייקים בצורה לא שגרתית, וגם נלמד על המדע מאחורי המתכון שמאפשר להם לצאת כל כך אווריריים ורכים.
**ציוד וחומרים:**
כוס קמח
2 כפות סוכר
2 כפיות אבקת אפייה
חצי כפית מלח
כוס חלב ועוד 2 כפות
2 כפות חמאה מומסת או שמן צמחי
ביצה גדולה
כף שמן צמחי לטיגון
קערה קטנה וקערה בינונית
מחבת גדולה
בקבוק לחיץ (סקוויזר)
**מהלך הניסוי:**
1\. בקערה הקטנה מערבבים יחד קמח, סוכר, אבקת אפייה ומלח.
2\. בקערה הבינונית מערבבים כוס חלב, חמאה (או שמן) וביצה.
3\. מוסיפים לקערה הבינונית את תערובת הקמח ומערבבים עד לקבלת עיסה אחידה. לא נורא אם יישארו כמה גושים קטנים. מעבירים את העיסה לבקבוק הלחיץ.
4\. משמנים מחבת גדולה במעט מאוד שמן ומחממים אותה (חשוב להקפיד שכל תחתית המחבת תהיה משומנת).
5\. יוצקים פסים ארוכים מתערובת הפנקייק בבקבוק הלחיץ לכל אורך המחבת החמה. כאשר מופיעות בועות ותחתית ה"ספגטי" מתחילה להשחים מוציאים את ה"ספגטי" ומעבירים לצלחת. חוזרים על הפעולה עד שכל העיסה נגמרת.
\* הטיגון מחייב השגחה של מבוגר
את הכנת הפנקייק אפשר לראות בסרטון:
#### הסבר
מה טעים יותר מפנקייק חמים, שעליו יוצקים סירופ מייפל מתוק, במיוחד בשבת בבוקר? רגע לפני שגם אתם מתיישבים לאכול, בואו נבין קודם איך הפנקייק נוצר.
הבלילה, כלומר התערובת שממנה מכינים את הפנקייק, מורכבת משני חלקים: מרכיבים יבשים, שכוללים קמח, סוכר, אבקת אפייה ומלח, ומרכיבים רטובים: חלב, ביצים וחמאה או שמן. הקמח עצמו מורכב בעיקר מעמילן וחלבונים. גם עמילן וגם חלבון הם פולימרים, כלומר מולקולות שבנויות מהרבה יחידות קטנות שמחוברות זו לזו. העמילן בנוי משרשרת ארוכה מאוד ש"החרוזים" שמרכיבים אותה הם מולקולות של סוכר בשם גלוקוז. חלבונים הם שרשראות ש"החרוזים" שלהן נקראים חומצות אמינו.
החלבונים העיקריים בקמח הם גלוטנין וגליאדין. כשהקמח יבש, שני החלבונים האלה נשארים נפרדים. אך כשמוסיפים לקמח מים, באמצעות החלב והביצים שמורכבים בעיקר ממים, השרשראות של שני סוגי החלבונים חופשיות לנוע, והן מתארגנות מחדש, נמתחות, נקשרות ביניהן שתי וערב וכך יוצרות מעין רשת ענקית וגמישה.
לאחר הוספת מים, השרשראות של שני החלבונים מתארגנות מחדש, נמתחות, נקשרות ביניהן שתי וערב וכך יוצרות מעין רשת ענקית וגמישה. אילוסטרציה של רשת גלוטן הבנויה מגלוטנין וגליאדין | רונית צוויג
הרשת הזאת נקראת גלוטן, והיא האחראית לגמישות הרבה של הבצק, שיכול לשנות את צורתו כשלשים אותו ואז להתכווץ מחדש לצורתו המקורית. התכונה הזאת, שנקראת "פלסטיות", מתארת את היכולת של הבצק לשמור על צורה חדשה אחרי שמותחים אותו. הגלוטן הכרחי ליצירת הצורה והמבנה של הפנקייקים ושל עוד מוצרי מאפה רבים אחרים – למשל לחם. הגלוטן הוא גם זה שאחראי למרקם הרך והנוח ללעיסה של הפנקייק והלחם.
פרסומת
הרשת הענקית של שרשראות הגלוטן גם יכולה ללכוד בתוכה בועות גז. בפנקייק, הבועות האלה חייבות את קיומן לאבקת האפייה, ורשת הגלוטן לוכדת אותן בזמן החימום, כולאת אותן בבצק ומעניקה לו רכות ואווריריות.
זה קינוח שאנחנו יכולים להתרגל אליו! | צילום: צילום מסך מהיוטיוב של מכון דוידסון
אבקת אפייה היא בדרך כלל תערובת של סודה לשתייה, עמילן תירס ששומר על התערובת יבשה וחומר חומצי מוצק כלשהו. כשאבקת האפייה נרטבת מתרחשת תגובה כימית בין הסודה לשתייה לבין החומצה, והטמפרטורה הגבוהה במחבת מאיצה אותה. התוצר של התגובה הזאת הוא בועות קטנות של גז פחמן דו-חמצני. התהליך הזה מאפשר לפנקייק לתפוח ולהישאר אוורירי, בלי לאבד את צורתו.
בניסוי הזה בחרנו לעשות פנקייק בצורת פסים ארוכים, בדומה לספגטי, אבל זוהי רק דרך הכנה אחת מתוך רבות וטעימות. אפשר, למשל, גם לעשות פנקייקי זברה מפוספסים בצבעי לבן וחום כהה, על ידי הכנת פנקייק רגיל שימלא את כל המחבת, ושימוש בשתי הבלילות – אחת רגילה והשנייה עם תוספת של קקאו. בתיאבון!
[\>> לעוד מתכונים של מכון דוידסון לחינוך מדעי](https://davidson.weizmann.ac.il/column/playingwithfood)
**ד"ר דפנה מנדלר, מכון דודיסון לחינוך מדעי**
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קטנים. מעבירים את העיסה לבקבוק הלחיץ.4. משמנים מחבת גדולה במעט מאוד שמן ומחממים אותה (חשוב להקפיד שכל תחתית המחבת תהיה משומנת).5. יוצקים פסים ארוכים מתערובת הפנקייק בבקבוק הלחיץ לכל אורך המחבת החמה. כאשר מופיעות בועות ותחתית הספגטי מתחילה להשחים מוציאים את הספגטי ומעבירים לצלחת. חוזרים על הפעולה עד שכל העיסה נגמרת.\* הטיגון מחייב השגחה של מבוגראת הכנת הפנקייק אפשר לראות בסרטון:הסברמה טעים יותר מפנקייק חמים, שעליו יוצקים סירופ מייפל מתוק, במיוחד בשבת בבוקר? רגע לפני שגם אתם מתיישבים לאכול, בואו נבין קודם איך הפנקייק נוצר.הבלילה, כלומר התערובת שממנה מכינים את הפנקייק, מורכבת משני חלקים: מרכיבים יבשים, שכוללים קמח, סוכר, אבקת אפייה ומלח, ומרכיבים רטובים: חלב, ביצים וחמאה או שמן. הקמח עצמו מורכב בעיקר מעמילן וחלבונים. גם עמילן וגם חלבון הם פולימרים, כלומר מולקולות שבנויות מהרבה יחידות קטנות שמחוברות זו לזו. העמילן בנוי משרשרת ארוכה מאוד שהחרוזים שמרכיבים אותה הם מולקולות של סוכר בשם גלוקוז. חלבונים הם שרשראות שהחרוזים שלהן נקראים חומצות אמינו.החלבונים העיקריים בקמח הם גלוטנין וגליאדין. 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